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English remains the sole language of higher education in almost every field of learning. Proponents of English, on the other hand, argue that the use of Hindi is unfair because it disadvantages those who have to learn it as a second language.Įducation in English continues to be a prerequisite for social status. In addition, since it is spoken mostly by the country’s educated elite, it is too exclusive to be India’s official language. On the one hand, native speakers of Hindi, concentrated in northern and central India, assert that English is a relic from India’s colonial past. Efforts to reach a consensus on a single national language that is acceptable to all the diverse language communities have been largely unsuccessful.īoth Hindi and English are extensively used, and each has its own supporters. The choice of this language, known in India as the ‘link’ language, has been a sensitive political issue since independence in 1947. Hindi spelling was standardized, and a standardized system of transcribing the Devanagari alphabet was devised.įor speakers of India’s approximately 400 languages/dialects to function within a single country requires some common language. In 1958, ‘A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi’ was published as a result of the work of a government-appointed committee.
HINDI LEARNING FROM ENGLISH PLUS
Hindi became the official language of India in 1965, although the Constitution of India also recognizes English plus 21 other official languages.Īfter the Independence of India from Britain in 1947, the Government of India undertook the standardization of the language. It is the primary tongue of about a third of India’s 1.09 billion people. Hindi is the primary official language of the Union government of India. Hindustani never achieved the status of a literary language, although Mahatma Gandhi used it as a symbol of national unity during India’s struggle for independence from England. Hindi and Urdū have a common colloquial form, called Hindustani. Under the influence of English, Hindi and Urdū literature flourished starting in the 18th century. Both Hindi and Urdū have been used as literary languages starting in the 12th century.
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The two languages also differ in a number of relatively minor ways in their sound system and grammar. This language became Hindi.Īs a result of these different influences, Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and draws much of its vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdū is written in the Perso-Arabic script and draws a great deal of its lexicon from Persian and Arabic.
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HINDI LEARNING FROM ENGLISH FREE
In the meantime, the language of the indigenous population remained relatively free of borrowings from Persian and Arabic, and instead borrowed words and literary conventions from Sanskrit. Eventually, it developed into a variety called Urdū (from Turkish ordu ‘camp’), characterized by numerous borrowings from Persian and Arabic, which became a literary language. Scholars postulate that Hindi developed in the 8th-10th centuries from khari boli, the speech around Dehli which was adopted by the Moslem invaders to communicate with the local population. The Persians used it to refer to the Indian people and to the languages they spoke. Such a wide distribution makes Hindi one of the most spoken languages of the world. Outside of India, Hindi is spoken in Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Canada, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Germany, Guyana, Kenya, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Sint Maarten, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Yemen, Zambia ( Ethnologue). It is the language that unifies multilingual India, home to some 400 different languages/dialects. It is spoken as a first language primarily in northern and central India by more than 258 million people (Ethnologue). Hindi, also known as Khadi Boli, Khari Boli, belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.